Collective Force and the Mutual Bank: Proudhon’s Legacy

One concept that Proudhon makes much of in various works, but that other mutualists did not consider especially important, is the concept of collective force. The concept, according to Proudhon, is the corollary of the division of labor. Or rather, he thinks the division of labor is the corollary of collective force. Because two persons …

The Soldier of Liberty: Lord Byron

In the 15th century the Ottoman Turks brought a violent end to Christian rule in Southern Europe, and their empire’s expansion was only halted at the Gates of Vienna in 1683. However, by the 19th century the Ottoman Empire was known as “the sick man of Europe”, and its territories were ripe for nationalist uprisings. …